5. the Best Way to Spend a Holiday.

1. Sound. Its capacities. Much has been said about the significance of giving due consideration to sound when examining an unknown dialect. The procedure of correspondence can't be performed without sound as it has its own capacities in a sentence. These capacities are: 1. The constitutive 2. The unmistakable (1) Intonation structures sentences. Each sentence comprises of at least one sound gatherings. A pitch bunch is a word or a gathering of words described by a specific sound example and is commonly finished from the perspective of significance. E. g.You’ll come early | and remain as long as you can | won’t you || Sentences are isolated from one another by delays. The finish of a sentence is constantly perceived by a long delay; the finish of a non-last sound gathering is typically described by a shorter respite. E. g. He’s finished his test || He is an understudy now || Like most elderly folks individuals | he was enamored with discussing days of yore || (2) Intonation additionally serves to recognize the open kinds of sentences, the genuine importance of a sentence, the speaker’s feelings or perspectives to the substance of the sentence, to the audience or to the subject of discussion. E. g.He’s breezed through his test || Low-Fall †an announcement of reality High-Rise †an inquiry Low-Rise †an inquiry with shock High-Fall †a shout One and a similar sentence articulated with various inflection can communicate various feelings. Pitch is likewise an amazing methods for separating the practical styles. 2. The segments of the sound 1) Speech song or the pitch. The sentence has positive phonetic highlights: varieties of pitch or discourse tune, stops, sentence pressure, beat, rhythm and tone. Each element plays out an unequivocal assignment and every one of them work simultaneously.It is commonly recognized that the pitch of the voice or discourse tune, sentence pressure and mood are the three principle part s of inflection, while delays, beat and tone assume a subordinate job in discourse. The pitch of the voice doesn't remain on a similar level while the sentence is articulated. It falls and ascends inside the stretch between its lower and maximum cutoff points. Three pitch levels are commonly recognized: high, medium and low. The pitch of the voice rises and falls on the vowels and voiced consonants. These falls and rises structure clear examples run of the mill of English and are called discourse melody.Pitch Range is the span between two pitch levels. It might be typical, wide and tight. E. g. I didn’t know you’ve been to London. The utilization of either pitch (and range) shows the level of its semantic significance. When in doubt the low pitch level communicates minimal semantic weight, on the opposite the high pitch level is an indication of significance, more grounded level of feeling. 2) Rhythm is a customary repeat of focused and unstressed syllables at unmistak able stretches. The trademark highlights of English discourse cadence might be summarized as follows: 1.The consistency of the repeat of pushed and unstressed syllables brings about the way to express each musical gathering one might say bunch in a similar timeframe regardless to the quantity of unstressed syllables in it. Which in its turn impacts the length of sounds, particularly vowels. 2. The shift of focused and unstressed syllables brings about the impact of mood upon word-stress and sentence-stress. There are the same number of rhythmical gatherings one might say bunch as there are focused on syllables. Musical gatherings can be of two sorts:  ·enclitics †a cadenced gathering where an unstressed syllable sticks to the previous focused on syllable. proclitics †a musical gathering where an unstressed syllable sticks to the accompanying focused on syllable. To obtain a decent English discourse beat one ought to organize sentences: 1) into pitch gatherings; 2) into c adenced gatherings; 3) interface the words starting with a vowel to going before words; 4) debilitate unstressed words and syllables; 5) cause the focused on syllables to happen routinely inside an inflection gathering. Sentence pressure A different word when utilized alone as a sentence is constantly focused. In a sentence comprising of more than single word, a portion of the words are left unstressed.They are the expressions of little semantic worth or those with a simply syntactic capacity: articles, relational words, conjunctions, helper, modular and connect action words, individual and intelligent pronouns. Words fundamental to the importance of the articulation are ordinarily focused on (things, descriptors, notional action words, intensifiers, decisive and inquisitive pronouns). So words that give a large portion of the data are singled out by methods for sentence pressure. Sentence pressure is a more prominent unmistakable quality with which at least one words are in a sente nce are articulated when contrasted with different words agreeing with their enlightening (semantic) importance.This more noteworthy noticeable quality is accomplished by: 1. More prominent power of exhalation and solid pressure. 2. Changing of the pitch level. 3. Articulating the focused on syllables longer. 4. Not changing the nature of a vowel in the focused on syllable. The most significant snippet of data passed on in the sentence is called its open place. It might be communicated by a solitary word or various words. Normally it is the final say regarding a sense-gathering and it conveys the terminal tone. The principle capacity of sentence pressure is to single out the open focal point of the sentence, which presents new information.So it plays out an unmistakable capacity and recognized the speaker’s modular and passionate disposition to the words. Sentence pressure may fluctuate in degree. It might be full and fractional. Full sentence worry in its turn might be unemp hatic and determined. 1) Partial sentence pressure is shown by single pressure marks places beneath the line of print. E. g. I haven’t the smallest thought. 2) Full unemphatic sentence pressure is demonstrated by single pressure marks put over the line of print. E. g. I haven’t the smallest thought. ) Full vehement sentence pressure is affected by more prominent power of expression, more noteworthy power of exhalation and stretching the sounds. Unequivocally focuses on syllables become more conspicuous and sound longer than syllables with unemphatic pressure. It is demonstrated by twofold pressure marks. E. g. Quit talking! Sentence pressure can likewise be partitioned concerning its capacity into syntagmatic pressure, syntactic pressure and sensible pressure. Syntagmatic pressure presents the most significant practical sort. Along with the fundamental tones it singles out the semantic focus of the sentence or a sense-group.In sentences where no word is made uncommonly conspicuous syntagmatic pressure is normally acknowledged in the last focused on word. E. g. I am sending both of you tickets for the theater. Syntactic (or typical) stress denotes the other semantically significant words inside the expression. E. g. I am sending both of you tickets for the theater. Sensible pressure is associated with the moving of the syntagmatic worry from its typical spot on the last focused on word to one of the first words. It regularly communicates something new to the audience and makes another open place. Explicit highlights of the English sentence stressThough we realize that normally notional words are worried in the sentence and structure (utilitarian) words are unstressed it is important to bring up that any word in a sentence may have intelligent pressure. A word which is made conspicuous by intelligent pressure may remain toward the start; toward the end or it could be said gathering however it is generally the last focused on word in it. Sentence we ight on words following sensible pressure either vanishes or gets frail. Other than useful words might be worried in some uncommon cases: I. Helper, modular and connect action words are worried in the accompanying positions: 1.At the start of the sentence by and large and elective inquiries. E. g. Would you be able to come? Did you meet him? 2. At the point when they represent a notional action word in short responses for general inquiries. E. g. Truly, I am. Indeed I have. 3. In contracted negative structures. E. g. He didn’t do it. 4. to be is focused when last and gone before by the article which is unstressed. E. g. I need him to be here. 5. Helper action word to do is worried in decided sentences. E. g. I do like it! II. Relational words are pushed when they comprise of at least two syllables and are trailed by an unstressed individual pronoun. E. g. The canine pursued him.III. Conjunctions are worried toward the start of a sentence when followed by an unstressed word. E . g. At the point when he had gone | she returned home as well. On the off chance that he drives | he might be here at any second. IV. At the point when an individual pronoun is associated by the combination ‘and’ with a thing they are both focused. E. g. My mom and I. V. ‘Have to’ is worried in the significance of ‘must’. E. g. He needs to go. The general principles for sentence pressure are now and again not watched: a word that ought to be worried by these guidelines might be left unstressed. By and large it is cadence that is liable for the exclusion of stress.Compounds are affected in the accompanying manner: 1. When gone before by a focused on syllable they are worried on the subsequent component. E. g They are for the most part top of the line. It is too antiquated. 2. At the point when utilized as characteristics before things worried on the main syllable, the pressure falls on the principal component of the compound. E. g. She is a gor geous young lady. 3. At the point when two things happen together the first being utilized attributively, the second isn't pushed. E. g film-star, phone directory. In any case, if the subsequent thing is polysyllabic it must be focused. E. g. picture exhibition, analyst story.Some words having a place with the notional grammatical features are not worried in specific cases: 1. At the point when a word is rehashed it might be said bunch promptly following, the reiteration is commonly unstressed. E. g. †what number books do you have? †Two books. 2. Word-substitutes like ‘one’ are normally unstressed. E. g. I don�

Barbara Kruger Art Style Analysis

Barbara Kruger Art Style Analysis Barbara Kruger, an American visual fashioner who exposes current issues of society utilizing her craft as a message transport of society issues. Her work of art comprises of different pictures grafted together and paper like letters as subtitles for what she is passing on. Her craftsmanship dissimilar to others doesnt quickly go into a historical center or on a world visit rather its towards promotion. This acquires more watchers and permits her to show what she what issues in the public eye she needs to pass on. A portion of these fine arts that uncover issues are an image of Adolf Hitler with his eyes shut out and composed on his photograph the expression If you dont control your psyche another person will, or the one I will concentrate on the most You are an engaged crowd. The principal thing I need to raise before I go into her work is shes seen as a craftsman with blended surveys, in light of the fact that shes so open uncovering political issues on the planet. An article in The New York Times acclaims Barbara Kruger for utilizing her craft to point out these issues yet in addition censures it for some of the time glossing over things, consequently losing its edge and full impact. The model utilized is her Your Body is a Battleground. It portrays a womans face in high contrast demonstrating it doesnt matter what race your body is as yet a battleground for what you decide to do. It was made to help the ace decision conviction of most women's activists. It was an endeavor to authorize premature births contraception and reinforce womens rights. Presently from my point of view I dont think she glossed over this issue by any stretch of the imagination. In the content of the fine art it unmistakably states bolster legitimate premature birth, conception pre vention, womens rights. She needs us to realize she represents professional decision womens rights and thinks it needs to place into the spotlight and evaded around. Another model can emerge out of You are an enthralled crowd. This show-stopper pictures what I assume a man putting on his sweethearts finger a wedding band. There is another rendition of it with dental work and a tooth being expelled from a patient. This subtitle says individuals are so effectively dazzled by outrageous renditions of our feelings. The ring adaptation shows how effectively as a general public individuals can be handily caught by feelings of euphoria and satisfaction. Presently something very similar can be said with dread. The dental variant shows the tooth being expelled from a patient and without a desensitizing specialist or some likeness thereof this would hurt an individual a lot. Individuals love feelings even the more dim and negative ones like alarmed and sickened. Returning to a past work of art referenced If you dont control your brain another person will. This piece is somewhat dim looking at the situation objectively. Since its discussing somebody controlling your brain which weve witnessed from the beginning of time can on the off chance that you decide not to have an independent perspective. To bring this up to the world you cannot gloss over it particularly utilizing a figure the world revers as an image of dull occasions and catastrophe. Barbara Kruger doesnt attempt to terrify individuals with the expressions she utilizes but instead the expressions she uses can be moving. Utilizing another work, she made which the greater part of America knows as Your solace is my quietness. What makes this piece so moving is the basic reality of if your cheerful Im glad. Nobody can whine so somebody elses solace can be somebody elses quiet since they dont need to express anything in any case. In a meeting subtitle it says when somebody gets some info rmation about Barbara Kruger they state she was clearly significant during mid 1980s however now she isnt so applicable and they cannot name any of her later works. I by and by can't help contradicting this since she brings up issues with current things to. Her work Remote Control calls attention to how effectively the general public we live in has gone to fundamentally machines thoroughly taking care of us. This is a problem that needs to be addressed with the developing heftiness in the country in addition to other things. With this said I state Barbara Kruger is doing great with her craft and isn't glossing over anything and is standing firm to uncover the issues of society in an important manner. At the point when somebody makes a decision about her work, I think they have to understand the fine art she does isn't for visual intrigue all things considered to make you think and acknowledge what it implies. Word Count 757 Works Cited Religious administrator, Claire. Meeting With Barbara Kruger. MAKE Magazine, 9. Cottner, Holland. Craftsmanship In Review. The New York Times, C29. Hagan, Charles. Barbara Kruger : Cover Girl. The New York Times, June 14, 1992, 82. Linker, Kate. Love For Sale. New York Times Book Review, 3.

Free Essays on Juvenile Transfers

National patterns in adolescent equity talk about how adolescents ought to be attempted, regardless of whether it is in an adolescent or a criminal court. Adolescents can be attempted in each of the 50 states. Juvenile’s age fluctuates from state to state when managing moves. The gathering of offenses that can send an adolescent toward criminal court is: any wrongdoing, capital violations and murder, determined fierce lawful offenses, and indicated wrongdoings in addition to an earlier record. There are three sorts of move laws: programmed, legal optional, and prosecutorial-optional. The programmed move law is a law expressing that any adolescent who carries out either murder, homicide, capturing, assault, bothered attack, incendiarism, or any wrongdoings submitted with a gun. In numerous occasions the more seasoned the adolescent is, the almost certain the individual will be moved to grown-up court for the above crimes. The legal optional adolescent law is the point at which the examiner documents a request or movement with the adolescent court and the adjudicator concludes whether to move the case or not. The other alternative is prosecutorial-optional adolescent law; this is the point at which the examiner utilizes their caution to conclude whether to record a case in adolescent or criminal court. The condemning of adolescents in criminal court changes. It has been discovered that countless detainments will prompt not many jail sentences and a great deal of probation. It appears that criminal courts are much more averse to detain adolescent wrongdoers. Regardless of whether an adolescent is moved to criminal court, the individual in question is probably going to spend just a small amount of the given sentence. Studies found that the normal jail time for an adolescent condemned in grown-up offices is 3.5 years, which is just about 27% of the forced sentence. Sentences given in adolescent court may at first be shorter, yet the adolescents have an a lot littler possibility of getting out ahead of schedule. Studies likewise found that the act of moving adolescent wrongdoers to criminal court... Free Essays on Juvenile Transfers Free Essays on Juvenile Transfers National patterns in adolescent equity examine how adolescents ought to be attempted, regardless of whether it is in an adolescent or a criminal court. Adolescents can be attempted in each of the 50 states. Juvenile’s age differs from state to state when managing moves. The gathering of offenses that can send an adolescent toward criminal court is: any wrongdoing, capital violations and murder, determined fierce lawful offenses, and indicated violations in addition to an earlier record. There are three kinds of move laws: programmed, legal optional, and prosecutorial-optional. The programmed move law is a law expressing that any adolescent who perpetrates either murder, homicide, hijacking, assault, bothered attack, torching, or any violations submitted with a gun. In numerous examples the more seasoned the adolescent is, the almost certain the person in question will be moved to grown-up court for the above lawful offenses. The legal optional adolescent law is the point at wh ich the investigator records a request or movement with the adolescent court and the appointed authority concludes whether to move the case or not. The other alternative is prosecutorial-optional adolescent law; this is the point at which the investigator utilizes their attentiveness to conclude whether to record a case in adolescent or criminal court. The condemning of adolescents in criminal court changes. It has been discovered that an enormous number of detainments will prompt not many jail sentences and a great deal of probation. It appears that criminal courts are significantly more averse to detain adolescent guilty parties. Regardless of whether an adolescent is moved to criminal court, the person is probably going to spend just a small amount of the given sentence. Studies found that the normal jail time for an adolescent condemned in grown-up offices is 3.5 years, which is just about 27% of the forced sentence. Sentences given in adolescent court may at first be shorter, y et the adolescents have an a lot littler possibility of getting out right on time. Studies likewise found that the act of moving adolescent wrongdoers to criminal court...

Childhood Obesity Essay

Corpulence can be characterized as the condition wherein the body is described with overabundance fat by a weight record of 30+ (Snell, et al, 2007). It is frequently described to have a hereditary connection I. e. it is an inherited infection (Carol Torgan, 2002). In any case, families have basic dietary, physical exercise, mentality and other way of life propensities, which typically are the contributing variables to heftiness. These elements once in a while are not effectively from the simply hereditary factors through factual or symptomatic errand. But weight is the situation of youngsters was once considered as an uncommon event, it ahs quickly become a plague with average ramifications in the United States, just as other created states. The quantity of these hefty kids is anticipated to rise much further if tough measures are not taken to check this issue. In this way, kid heftiness is an issue that presents one of the best wellbeing challenges in the contemporary American culture. The impacts it has on a child’s life are commonly significant, combined with the way that other than battling with overweight issues, there are various medical problems that a kid is presented to. This is notwithstanding both the social and enthusiastic issues that it makes. When the youngsters become grown-ups the overweight issue doesn't seize, it proceeds and even stances other more serious hazard to the kid in type of such conditions like stroke and coronary illness. One of the conceivable underlying drivers of heftiness despite everything stays as over utilization of food. At the point when kids devour an excessive number of calories for their vitality needs by and large has brought about numerous advanced heftiness cases. At the point when the kids get the opportunity to eat an excess of high fat food or the refined sweet nourishments, look into proposes that they generally stand a high level of getting fat. As indicated by specialists there are numerous metabolic just as stomach related scatters that are achieved by over utilization of refined white sugars together with next to zero fiber consumption (Vincent Iannelli, 2007). These eating designs in kids are known to meddle with the body metabolic rates in this manner causing an excessive amount of fat stockpiling inside their bodies. A portion of the related issue connected to heftiness incorporate; insulin opposition, diabetes of type 2 and stoutness itself. The impacts of every one of these illnesses are as yet a significant concern the world over. Albeit under these conditions the finding would uncover that a youngster has metabolic or even stomach related turmoil that may be anything but difficult to treat guardians do have a task to carry out to guarantee that their kids are not stout. The level on number of children experiencing stoutness has arrived at one that is described as a plague. Fr occurrence specialists gauge that fifteen percent (15%) of youngsters are experiencing overweight issues, while another 15% one said to be at high danger of getting overweight (Vincent 2007). In the long run, around 66% of these present overweight youngsters would wind up as fat grown-ups. Cheap food is another hazard factor that is described as a significant supporter of overweight in kids. Because of its fatty just as its high fat ultra estimated suppers. The commitment that the quick nourishments make toward the abundance fat substance inside the body of the kid is tremendous (Gary and Juliet, 2005). The abundance fat collects inside the body tissues just as the high sugar content that would as a result influence the body’s metabolic and digestives rates. By and by, the pretended by guardians can't be down played. As much as the produces of the quick nourishments are to mostly be fault for this developing issue, the guardians also have their assignments removed for them. For example, on the off chance that they have learned and at any rate are sufficiently touchy to recognize what the impacts of the quick nourishments have on the strength of their children. Guardians can screen the sort of food that their children eat. What's more, the children don't have the cash to buy these quick nourishments, just as sharpening their children’s wellbeing (Summerfield, Liane M 2007). Similarly, since the dietary propensities are basic in practically all families it must be that either a kid who is getting guided into the different quick nourishments could simply be picking a propensity from his/her folks or from the family. It is likewise exceptionally difficult for small kids to get dietary patterns or any dietary propensities that their folks don't endorse of in particular are not drilled with the family. Numerous kids who experience the ill effects of weight and other related medical issues regularly are less dynamic. This might be because of such issue like dependence on TV just as such different exercises as computer games. At the point when children remain up the entire day or the entire night and on a regular premise, the odds of them become stout increments. This hazard factor is another supporter of corpulence. Because of the inertia that portrays plunking down staring at the TV and the computer games. Many individuals including guardians have would in general accuse the media overall laying a sweeping judgment and especially coordinated their resentment at the individuals who structure the TV and computer games programs for the children. Much as it is allowable that the fashioners of these projects have a critical task to carry out both in approaches to help cut down the habit part of the kids to their games, and furthermore as far as possible the quantity of kids experiencing corpulence yet with connections to video or TV games. The pretended by the media would just be advantageous. The program editors ought to likewise at any rate attempt to put such warming messages that would caution youngsters against the risks of unreasonable guilty pleasure and dependence on their games. When the program editors and the architects of these games have done their part at that point guardians also have the greater task to carry out. Another reason for heftiness is hereditarily factors. Stoutness as an ailment is inherited and as such runs with the family. A youngster who has a hefty parent or somebody in their heredity has high-chance potential for success of turning out to be over weight. The qualities from the guardians or the fabulous guardians are conveyed down to the kid. In any case, hereditary qualities alone doesn't cause weight, this is a condition that is possibly made conceivable to influence a youngster if the kid eats abundance food. The hereditary connection just makes it almost certain for the youngster to get stout. By the by, when the youngster participates in eating or dietary propensities that would cause their to devour a lot of calories that the person in question can't use of in her body framework then she will create weight. Dietary propensities generally children’s consuming ways of life have from the customary sound nourishments that incorporates organic products, vegetables just as entire grains to new a to a bigger degree, much dependence on inexpensive food, sweet beverages together with handled nibble merchandise just as numerous different nourishments that are high in fat substance and sugar. Because of their high gat content as well as high calories while staying low on fiber content. Eating examples, for example, having a supper while tuning in to radio staring at the TV, watching computer games just as eating while at the same time doing schoolwork have likewise been distinguished as hazard factors for the reasons for stoutness. Another factor which is financial status ahs additionally been refered to as hazard factors for the reason for corpulence. Families with lower pay and with guardians who are non-working have been connected to more prominent calorie consumption for action level. This is on the grounds that the poor families can't have the option to bear the cost of wellbeing and low on fat substance nourishments. Lethargy Often characterized as physical idleness. The developing prevalence among kids with PC, TV, computer games among different exercises that are found in electronic media has changed to a developing inactive way of life for a significant number of the kids inside the United States of America. It has been built up through research that inside the United States alone, youngsters spend at least 3 hours staring at the TV in a solitary day. This propensity energizes apathy and guarantees that the kid uses almost no of vitality that the person has buyer. Further this propensity supports others acts like nibbling. Due its inclination, it is high in calories and since the kid would invest a large portion of the energy sited, actuality is she or he won't discover time to discharge the calories expended Brian Wansink, 2006). It is assessed that not exactly 50% of the youngsters inside the US have guardians who do routine physical exercise, and that only 33% of kids inside the US can get to physical training offices at school on or everyday schedule. The () occupied calendar by guardians and steady feelings of dread about the security of their kids has made it nearly inconceivability for children to take part in any games or different projects of action after school, as they need to surge home in time. On the off chance that the guardians can eliminate the quantity of hours that youngsters stare at the TV, computer games and play PC games then the dangers related with media would descend as the degree of apathy would be dissolved if not destroyed. At the point when guardians engage in normal activities no doubt their kids also may create intrigue and in this way consume off abundance calories and keep genuinely fit. The guardians ought to likewise guarantee that their children are taken a crack at schools where they can get to physical training offices normally as is planned in the educational plan. In the event that the guardians took as much time as is needed and sorted out their calendars just as guaranteeing wellbeing for their children to permit them sufficient time to need to draw in themselves in after school sports exercises. During early stages, guardians also can help the reason for forestalling stoutness through the proceeded with bosom taking care of the infant and deferring of the presentation procedure. More established youngsters can benefit from outside assistance by their folks to grow great dietary propensities, by eating healthy, nutritious food while simultaneously captivating in ordinary exercise. Taking into account every one of these variables, from the hereditary qualities, condition to the physical movement of the youngster there is no specific moment that the parent doesn't have task to carry out t

The Art of William T. Turman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

If + would have = WRONG

Im normally very cautious about not correcting peoples grammar in daily speech, for fear of coming off as an inveterate snob. As a matter of fact, it makes me very self-conscious when people not preparing for the SAT or the ACT make jibes about how theyd better watch their grammar around me. Unless explicitly asked to comment, I keep my mouth shut. That said, the one thing that truly makes me grimace when I hear it in public conversation is a statement along the lines of the following: Well, if we only would have known the store was going to close at 6, we would have come sooner. I confess, I practically have to physically restrain myself from commenting; its like nails screeching on a blackboard. I know that the construction is (unfortunately) common, but its still flat-out wrong. Heres the short version  of the rule: a clause beginning with if should contain have, not  would have. However, a different clause in the same sentence may contain would have.   The reason is that both  would and  if both signal the conditional that is, they refer to events that could have happened but that did not actually happen. To include both of these terms in the same clause is therefore redundant. Incorrect: If we  would have known the store was going to closer, we would have come sooner. The sentence can also be correctly written this way: Correct: If we  had  known  the store was going to closer, we  would have come  sooner. Correct:  Had we  known  the store was going to closer, we  would have come  sooner. So If I would have, If you would have, If they would have. All wrong. The correct phrases are, If I had, If you had, If she had, etc. So the next time you start to say, If I would have only known you might want to think twice.

The Reasons Why Small Firms Would Go International

Internationalisation is a critical part of the growth of a small firm. This essay will critically look at the reasons why small firms would want to go international and what the advantages and disadvantages might be. Entrepreneurs are one of the main factors of local economic development and new activities of SME’s help drive the economic growth as well as the firm’s own growth. The barriers have to be considered and overcome, which is why small firms have to analyse the countries they want to expand to very closely both economically, culturally and politically. The theory behind internationalisation Internationalisation is a process a firm goes through when expanding outside the national market. Small firms will want to go through this†¦show more content†¦By going international the business will enter a new market, which is also an effective way to leverage the business for growth. To do so, some measures have to be taken: you need to define the market considering the demographics, location and common interests or need of target customers, perform market analysis by understanding market growth rates and potential barriers to entry. This last factor especially needs to be analysed when the business is seeking to enter an undefined market. Finally, the firm will need to do a self-evaluation before entering new markets by asking themselves whether they have the necessary competences to put in use or if they have the necessary infrastructures (Reid, 1981). Therefore going international also gives more knowledge to the company. The knowledge also regards the competitors in their new overseas market can also provide with invaluable competitive information and know-how. Another reason for small businesses to go international is a desire to take advantage of world niche markets. Value-added niche products are becoming more and more important and popular in world markets, since consumers are generally looking for products that both have an appealing image and better quality. Kenichi Ohmae states that â€Å"When people make over $20.000 annual income, consumers purchasing habits,Show MoreRelatedForeign Market Entry Modes Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesWhy do companies entry foreign Markets? A company may be looking to increase profits and sales. They can accomplish this by creating new markets in foreign countries or they may increase sales in a foreign market that is growing faster than the domestic market. Companies also go abroad to protect their home market. By challenging a competitor in their own market it may prevent that competitor from challengin g a company in its own home market. 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Early Cases Of Judicial Activism. The Following Supreme

EARLY CASES OF JUDICIAL ACTIVISM The following Supreme Court cases provide a useful insight into the growth and development of judicial activism in independent India. In the Privy Purse case Madhav Rao Jivaji Rao Scindia Union of India the broad question was whether the President rightly exercised his power in de-recognising the princes. In this case, the court ruled that by virtue of Article 53 of the constitution, the executive power of union vested in the President must be exercised â€Å"in accordance with law†. That power was intended to be exercised in aid of, not to destroy, the constitution. An order merely â€Å"de-recognizing† a ruler without providing for the continuation of the institution of his rule an integral part of the†¦show more content†¦In VC Shukla v Delhi Admin (1980), the court while dealing with the legislative competence of the state to pass a law establishing special courts for dealing with offences committed by persons holding high public office, held such courts to be valid. It also held that the court could strike down an administrative act if bias or mala fides was proved. The court in this cas e clarified that the theory of â€Å"basic structure† would apply only to constitutional amendments and not to an ordinary law passed by the Parliament or the state legislature. In the Bhagalpur Blinding case(Khatri (II) v State of Bihar, it was held that Article 21 included the right to free legal aid to the poor and the indigent and the right to be represented by a lawyer. It was also held that the right to be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of arrest must be scrupulously followed. In Fertilizer Corpn Kamgar Union v Union of India the petitioners of a public enterprise challenged the sale of the plant and machinery of the undertaking, as it resulted in their retrenchment. The Supreme Court held that sale resulting in retrenchment had not violated their rights under Article 19(1)(g) of the constitution, and likened it to termination of employment due to abolition of posts. The court ruled that the petitioner did not have the locus standiShow MoreRelatedInfluence Of The Federal Government1633 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the years 1877-1981, minority groups employed activism in a variety of guises in the struggle to achieve civil rights. While leading activists could draw on international events to strengthen their cause and enjoyed greater success as the campaign persisted, it ultimately fell to the government to make advances: activists needed a sympathetic president and government to legally push through change, thus the progression of civil rights was arg uably dictated more by the current politicalRead MoreJudicial Restraint/Activism Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesJudicial Restraint/Activism Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. said it the best in his speech to the Text Teaching Symposium, We current Justices read the Constitution in the only way that we can: as Twentieth Century Americans. Justice Brennan also called the Constitution a fundamentally public text and called for its use to resolve public issues. If that is true, then the document must be interpreted from todays perspective - Judicial Activism. However, using only that approach wouldRead MoreTaking The Law Into Our Hands and Two Paths to Womens Equality1308 Words   |  6 Pagesin the 1870s† by Ellen Carol DuBois addresses the early history of women’s rights claim in US legislation, specifically the fourteenth and fifteenth Amendments of the US Constitution. DuBois explores the legal arguments that were utilized by suffragists, the popular support and militant activism that was inspired by the legal arguments, and the defeat of the claims of women’s rights under the 14th and 15th amendm ents. Drawing upon the legal cases of Bradwell and Minor, DuBois illustrates how theRead MoreJudicial Independence3667 Words   |  15 PagesJUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE INTRODUCTION An independent judiciary is necessary for a free society and a constituent democracy. It ensures the rule of law and realization of human rights and also prosperity and stability of the society. 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According to Sir Ivor Jennings, Administrative Law can be defined as â€Å"a law relating to administration. It determines the organization, powers and duties of administrative authorities†. Administrative Law has been in existence for a very early time, and since then to the present era, the definition and meaning of administrative law has undergone a tremendous transformation. In India, administrative law can be traced from the time of the Maurya and Gupta dynasty to the British era and nowRead MoreThe Problem Of Judicial Review3462 Words   |  14 Pagescontroversial about saying, as Alexander Bickel did in The Least Dangerous Branch in 1962, â€Å"that judicial review is a counter-majoritarian force.† When one gives an unelected judiciary the power to declare null and void laws enacted by popularly elected representatives, there automatically exists the possibility that those jurists will rule counter to the wishes of a majority. 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Diabetes Diabetes And Diabetes - 903 Words

Diabetes mellitus, often simply called diabetes, is one of the most common diseases in the world with approximately 7.8% of the American population or 24 million Americans suffering from the disease (Cuppett). Of this proportion, about 5.7 million people do not actually know they have the condition (Cuppett). This disease is characterized by the body’s inability to effectively produce or utilize insulin (Cuppett). There are three types of diabetes in which a person can be diagnosed with, type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), type 2 or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is associated with the inability of the body to produce insulin and accounts for only approximately†¦show more content†¦Nutritional counseling, adequate exercise, annual eye examinations, podiatric care and insulin medication are all effective treatment used to counteract the effects of the diabetes in the body (Cuppett). Among the millions of Americans suffering from diabetes, there is a significant proportion that are athletes as well. Chicago Bears quarterback, Jay Cutler, Caroline Panthers defensive tackle, Kyle Love and Olympic swimmer, Gary Hall Jr., are all examples of professional athletes who have lived and played with such a condition (Athletes Living With Diabetes). With knowledge that â€Å"well-trained athletes are more sensitive to insulin,† it is important for both the athlete and his or her attending athlete trainer to be knowledgeable and observant towards the condition in order to provide the most effective treatment for the athlete (Frisch). It is the role of athletes to remain aware of their condition by monitoring and report to the athletic trainer their glucose levels, insulin intakes, medications, eating habits and presence or change in any symptoms. Likewise, it is essential for an athletic trainer to maintain a diabetes care plan for each athlete that contains information, such as guidelines for blood glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, recognition of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia as well as a list of all medications taken by the athlete (Jimenez et al). A diabetes emergency supply kit, which contains a copy of the diabetes care plan and blood

The study, in which we looked upon through our time...

The study, in which we looked upon through our time working within Applied Theatre, is how our role as a facilitator changes, depending on the age, ability and social background of the participants, in an educational environment. I will discuss further how the various aspects of social and political culture vary the way that I have conducted a workshop, and also what I would have to do if I continued my study further. Two of the workshops that was conducted, was in a secondary educationally school Sir William Stanier Community school in Crewe. When working within the school we conducted two workshops, with the year ten Drama students, who are currently undergoing the GCSE mock tests. We planned both workshops excessively, our plan when†¦show more content†¦Heathcote’s approach â€Å"allows the students to make as many of the decision about what the drama is going to be about as possible.† (Wagner, 1999. P.9) In one way this approach works well for various people such as Adam Proctor, as for Adam he found that like Dorothy Heathcote he believes in the children’s ability and potential, therefore, he likes to approach his work with a sense of improvisation, where decisions which the children make in the lesson determine the overall outcome of the workshop, but this being to a certain extent. For example when he was running a workshop for the first time with the second year Applied Theatre students, one exercise we created was for them to create a story from an object, the task in creating the story through thinking and planning was all down to them, they created their own piece of drama. In contrast to this I found that I require a set structure to follow. This is due to me finding it difficult to steer away from the set plan, for the reason of my own anxieties, of not knowing the outcome of a workshop; being in the unknown. For me I find the best way in which I work individually, is following a set structure, this enables me to be a successful facilitator, without any chaos. I want the students to see me as their facilitator; therefore they can then follow my set instructions clearly. Richard Hahlo and Peter Reynolds state in Dramatic

To the Filipino Youth Analysis free essay sample

Marvin L. AgsaldaBS Accountancy 1-2 Isabela State University RIZAL’S FILIPINO YOUTH IN THE NATION â€Å"Filipino youth, the fair hope of the fatherland†, that was the concept of the award-winning literary poem written on 1879 by Dr. Jose Rizal entitled â€Å"To the Filipino Youth†. The piece made a great impact to the Spaniards as it shows the real nationalism in the Philippine country awakening the youth to rise from fear and face the country’s present struggles. Dr. Jose Rizal is awakening every Filipino youth to join, unite, and move together for the so-called â€Å"CHANGE† in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on To the Filipino Youth Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He encourages every one of us to continue his works for he believes that the youth today and the future generations will serve as a light to the countrymen. Our hero also emphasizes that â€Å"the country is waiting for us to make a change† and the youth will start it for they are gifted with the necessary knowledge, strength and voice in the country. We must unfold our true feeling and express directly to all men. We have the knowledge in Science and Arts, use it in good manner to achieve our goals in the country. The country was covered by darkness and feels great sufferings to different peoples holding it. There are some people who fought for the â€Å"change† but what happened? They lose and lose. The youth of the country have the gigantic courage to fought for their feelings, fought for it for we are the bridge of all men. We have the powers to awaken and open the heart of every Filipino, we are the heart and reality opener and educator. Some people might consider us, as a very little people, a very low class citizen that can be easily rejected. They don’t know that we are playing a very important role in the society. We, the youth, must move now and use our overall knowledge and abilities we have to prove that we are important in the country’s situation today. Today is the day of the youth to move and change the country. The youth which will be highly recognized in the country for they use their abilities and knowledge in Science and Arts for directing the lives of every Filipino man regardless of the race, status, and personality. This is the day of the Philippine change, change that will make the country lift up to the peak of success.

A Status on the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program free essay sample

Atone School of Government Master in Public Management Public Governance and the Bureaucracy The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program: Addressing poverty from the Ground up Introduction Even before the Spanish colonization of the Philippines in the 1 sass, lands in the Philippines have always been controlled by a few of families. The Dates and Sultans ruled over massive areas of lands, as power social status was dictated by the size of the land one owned and the number of slaves who worked on them. The arrival of the Spaniards set the formalization of a feudalistic management of these lands. Large Haciendas were established and control of these lands were given to the Spanish colonizers and the Filipino families who pledged their allegiance to the Spanish. Until the sass, the small Filipino farmers barely had any rights to the ownership and control of these lands. During the time of President Corcoran Aquinas, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) was passed through Republic Act 6657 in 1988. We will write a custom essay sample on A Status on the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its primary purpose was the proper implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), moving the agriculture program away from feudalism towards modern industrialization and at the same time rumoring social Justice. During the time of President Gloria Arroyo, Executive Order 456 was passed to further expand the Agrarian Reform implementation in order to strengthen the economic and social impact of this reform to its target beneficiaries. 1 The Problem The implementation of the CARP never went smoothly. The redistribution of the land and the securing of land rights were the primary problems faced by those implementing the program. The large haciendas argued that the economic impact of the program would gravely affect the existing businesses within he lands, making it less viable for growth and http://www. Economically. Mom/agrarian/law/comprehensive. HTML Page 12 improvement. There are also socio-political consequences that will arise with the distribution of the lands to the farmers. With the distribution of the land being the main issue of the CARP, several proposals were presented by both parties the land owners and land beneficiaries, towards reaching an amenable solution. Some of the more p opular terms are Stock-Distribution Options (Sods) and Corporative Join- problems of Negroes island, one of the major areas in the country where the implementation of the Agrarian Reform Program has not been very successful. Negroes Island at a Glance The island of Negroes may be considered as one of the hotshots with regards to agrarian reform issues. The island is home to numerous haciendas, with land areas ranging from the low hundreds to thousands of hectares, all of which are owned by only a few families. Some of the more famous land owners from the island are Adding Conjunct who also has claims in the infamous Hacienda Lawsuit of Central Luzon, and the family of former Senator Rene Espies who owns the Polo plantation located primarily in Tanya. As early as the late sass, right after the signing of the CARL, some of the Negroes haciendas attempted to comply with the agrarian reform program. Land owners awarded multiple Certificate of Land Ownership Awards (COOL) and Emancipation Patents (PEP) to the land beneficiaries. It was also at this time that Stock-Distribution Options (SOD) were granted by other land owners. More than 20 years later, the agrarian reform situation in Negroes has barely changed it is even claimed by the land beneficiaries that some of them are worse now than they were before the implementation of the CARP. Farmers from the Polo plantations of Tanya have been fighting for their ownership rights over lands which were (are) still owned by the Sapiens. According to several news reports, numerous Colas of the land beneficiaries were cancelled by the CARP due to loopholes in the law. Areas of the Polo plantations, which were placed under an economic Page 13 zone status were said to be exempt from the CARP, thus disallowing the distribution of these lands to the beneficiaries. The sugar plantations of the Conjuncts, on the other hand, were barely touched and even expanded over the years. Just like the Hacienda Lawsuit farmers, the land beneficiaries of the Negroes sugar plantation were offered Sods instead of the land itself. It has been argued by many stakeholders that the Sods benefited the land owner more than the farmers themselves. There are also incidences of violence in the haciendas of Negroes. Hacienda Naval located in Himalayan, which is owned by the Javelin family, has had numerous confrontations between the land owner and the beneficiaries. It was reported that the private army of the Javelins has prevented the land beneficiaries from taking over the lands which were subjected to agrarian reform. The Goal and the Purpose of Agrarian Reform It has been established that the primary goal of the CARP is to ensure and promote the welfare of landless farmers and farm workers. Likewise, it can be deducted that the supplemental purpose of agrarian reform is the elevation of social Justice and equity, thus reducing social inequality and addressing the problem of structural poverty especially in the rural areas. In the case of Negroes Island, this has not yet been achieved and it would seem that they are no closer to it today than they were twenty years ago. Reform should produce is the proper distribution of land to the landless farmers by he land owners. It should be noted, however, that land distribution is not enough to alleviate the poverty issue. Page 14 Distribution of land should also include commensurate economic benefits to both land owners and land beneficiaries. Unlike physical goods which have a commensurate value when transferred, farm lands need investments and developments in order for it to become profitable. A piece of farmland, which has no support in terms of farming and tilling will never produce the same economic value as compared to one with existing facilities for farming. An example of this problem as faced by a hacienda in Adapting. With the implementation of CARP, the land owners were forced to distribute a large part of their land to their farmers. Since the region is stifled with conflicts, it was much safer for the land owners to release part of their lands than to fight over them. About forty percent of their land was distributed through the CARP and the land beneficiaries were grateful that there was barely any resistance from the family. Even with the loss of that land, the land owners barely felt the economic loss that resulted from the release of land as it was the untilled part f the farm lands which were distributed. Most of the crops (coconuts) were located in the central part of the hacienda, and these were not touched by the CARP. The land beneficiaries were awarded with land titles to areas of the hacienda which did not have adequate agricultural facilities such as roads and irrigation which are essential in farming. In the end, the beneficiaries were forced to re-sell the awarded lands to the original family and renegotiated to have them work again in the agenda, effectively returning the land back to its original owners. The land owners happily arched most of the land that was lost and it was easier for them to drop the prices due to the desperation of the land beneficiaries. Obviously, the land owners made a profit from the land that they once lost and now own again. There was no violation of the CARL since the prohibition in the transfer of lands has already passed when the beneficiaries sold back the lands that were awarded to them. And since the land which was returned was already subjected to CARP in the past, it is not covered anymore by the agrarian reform. The land owners benefited in the end, with the beneficiaries not receiving much from the land they sold. As mentioned earlier, it is important to look into the economic aspects of the land which will be subjected to agrarian reform. Since land owners already get compensated by the government with every piece of land emancipated from them, the land beneficiaries Page 15 should likewise be awarded the right piece of land which will provide them with the commensurate economic benefits. The distributing agency, in this case the Department of Agrarian Reform, should be wary of the needs of the land for it to goal and purpose of the CARP will be completed and both parties will happily benefit from it. Breaking down the Activities When addressing the proper implementation of the CARP, it is necessary to identify problem areas which need to be addressed. From the earlier discussions, the primary problem which was established is the equitable distribution of land, taking into consideration the economic and socio-political repercussions of these distributions. The primary activity needed for agrarian reform should be an in-depth inventory of the land that is qualified for distribution. Haciendas that are covered by the CARP should be carefully analyses, and land parcels be designated for distribution and emancipation. It is the Job of the DARK to do this inventory of hacienda lands. The DARK records right now would show which haciendas are subject to CARP, but the inventory with them barely has information on the economic viability of the land parcels. As mentioned several times, equitable distribution is essential for CARP to succeed. Aside from the land parcels which are to be distributed, the DARK also needs to identify who the real beneficiaries of these lands should be. Numerous incidents of false claims have been recorded by the DARK in the past twenty years which prompted many land owners to freeze the distribution f the lands. As reported in many reports, the freeze in the distribution of the land has resulted to violence and even death. The Polo plantation has reported cases of several groups of farmers who are claiming to be beneficiaries of the agrarian reform program, but dont have proper documentation to back their claims. This assembly of false claimants has deterred the distribution of several land parcels to the earlier identified land beneficiaries. Page 16 There is also the need for local governments to become more participatory, and if needed intervene for the proper implementation of CARP. The island of Negroes is a perfect example where local government as well as the local PEN need to have bigger participation in the reform. The earlier mentioned situation of Hacienda Naval, as well as that of Hacienda Kiwi in Hungarian, where land beneficiaries cannot take hold of the awarded land is due to the fact that the local government, the DARK and the PEN are not willing to spar with the land owners for socio-political implications. Just like the more famous Hacienda Lawsuit massacre, Negroes has also seen its share of bloodshed between the land owners and the beneficiaries. Hundreds of farmers and arm workers have lost their lives in their attempts to claim what was rightfully awarded to them by the CARP. Conclusions In one of the World Banks policy reports, it was stated that the precondition for land reform to be feasible and effective in improving beneficiaries livelihoods is that such programs fit into a broader policy aimed at reducing poverty and establishing a favorable environment for the development of productive smallholder agriculture by beneficiaries. (World Bank Report, 2003) In the case of directly improving the lives of the land beneficiaries, CARP has become a failure. It as resulted to more problems and anxiety among the stakeholders and violence became rampant. Contrary to what is being said in the news reports, even the land owners are receiving the short end of the stick. Certain land owners whose lands were subjected to emancipation became victims of undervaluation. Ghost beneficiaries are very rampant resulting to more lands being improperly distributed. There are also reports that the agency tasked to implement the CARP, the Department of Agrarian Reform, is involved in the improper distribution of lands by installing farmer-beneficiaries who are not workers of the plantations. GE 17 The land beneficiaries plight isnt any easier either. It cant be stressed enough that the obligation of the government does not stop with the distribution of the land alone. Alternative distribution schemes such as Stock Distribution Options and Corporative ventures are not viable solutions to the distribution issue. These alternatives defeat the original goal o f agrarian reform which is to promote the welfare of landless farmers and farm workers. Without a land that they can call their own, there can never be social Justice and equity. What good is a farmer when he has no land to farm? The government, in this case the DARK and the local governments in Negroes island, are at fault by allowing the land beneficiaries to face the farming problems on their own. In order for Agrarian reform to be successful, there has to be major investments in the economic capacity building of the land. Supporting institutions such as farmers cooperatives, infrastructure like farm to market roads and irrigation, and farmer-friendly loan facilities are needed for a farmer to start from the ground up. We should remember that the previous land owners have no other obligation to the beneficiaries once the land is distributed. Finally, there is the deed to look into the bureaucratic culture of those tasked to implement the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program. The Department of Agrarian Reform, the Local Government Units, the Philippine National Police, and other agencies should be made more accountable of their actions in the implementation of the CARP. There have been proposals to have the CARP extended by a few more years, and even some as radical as extending it indefinitely until they achieve one hundred percent compliance. I dont believe that there is further need for any of those. The 1987 Constitution states that the State shall promote a Just and dynamic social order that ill ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all, and more importantly, the State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.

Long Term and Short Term Goals: A Comprehensive Essay Sample

Long Term and Short Term Goals: A Comprehensive Essay SampleIf you are going to write an essay, it is wise to include a discussion of both short and long term goals. The essay that does not give attention to both goals will probably be less than satisfactory.The essay should provide the student with the motivation to write the essay. It is also important to describe the topic as briefly as possible. After all, it is impossible to cover every topic in one essay. The students are more likely to enjoy your essay if they are able to look at it without thinking of a question about it.Most students are very interested in learning about long-term goals, especially if they are not confident about what they will do once their degrees are awarded. In addition, the prospect of having a good job with benefits is enough to motivate them to continue the education process.Students are interested in future employment, and the thoughts about this need to be included in the essay. As long as these goa ls are only short term goals, they can be accomplished quickly. The next thing they will think about is finding a job that allows them to pay off their debts or giving away some of their possessions.After long term and short term goals are covered, then students can move on to analyzing the goals. Analyzing these goals is crucial because they are much more important. They provide a road map to the student's success, and they help the students determine where they want to be in five years or ten years.A student's goals should include how many students are in his or her class, how many classes they take each semester, and how many classes they will need to complete before graduation. The goal should also include how many times each year the student wishes to meet with the professor, and how often the student wants to attend class. This includes if the student will be required to attend classes on weekends or holidays.If the student's parents are living in another state, he or she shou ld learn about the university or college. Then the student should write an essay about why he or she feels strongly about a certain policy or organization. The essay needs to be written as if the student was talking directly to the readers.The students who write a good essay about both long term and short term goals are going to give the students an enjoyable and enlightening experience. Moreover, the student will learn that there are many resources available that will help him or her get the desired degree. The essay that does not include both goals is not a complete essay.

Management and workbook process free essay sample

Discuss the management control system in the Patagonia Company. Explain and discuss the nature, context, evolution, elements, processes, strengths, weaknesses/problems of the management control system at Patagonia (including a critical evaluation of the Workbook Process). What makes Patagonia different from many corporate organisations? Everything! Patagonia is a very successful business that has grown at a sensational pace. What is interesting about Patagonia is that the founder’s motivation was never solely about making money, profits and relaying hefty bottom lines. Other things mattered too! The company is very much driven by a culture. This collaborative eco friendly and holistic culture has been created and nurtured by Yvon Chouinard, his wife Malinda and their team. â€Å"Make the best quality product and cause no excess harm† defined the essence of their motivation as relayed by Yvon at the 1996 Corporate Citizenship hosted by President Clinton. (Merchant, Kenneth A. /Van der Stede, Wim A. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and workbook process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page / 2007, pg 380) This level of ‘quality’ would filter throughout the flat organisation. The notion of quality would not only define the nature of the goods sold but would however define all aspects of the companies endeavours including how they treated their staff, their stakeholders and our planet earth. How measurable is quality when you account for not only goods but people, their behaviour and their interaction with their external environment? Patagonia evolved in 1957 selling climbing gear made by Yvon in his blacksmith shop. The company began to sell quality outdoor clothes in the 1960’s and in the 70’s the business rapidly developed having become renowned for their innovation in outdoor materials. The business grew organically surprisingly without a focus on wealth accumulation for its founders. It was all about the product, design, process and how each interacted with the environment and all stakeholders involved. Yvon and his wife decided to donate huge amounts of the company’s earnings to environmental causes. Patagonia’s people were like minded. Yvon became increasingly concerned about the preservation of our natural environment and this would become ingrained in Patagonia’s culture. Life as an employee at Patagonia offered a relaxed, open, friendly and holistic community spirit. People were invited to dress ultra casually, enjoy healthy foods at low cost, work flexi hours, avail of onsite childcare facilities and in turn people would work in harmony, be goal congruent and deliver the companies objectives. Although in the beginning there was no formal management control process based on financial objectives the strategic objective was always clear – Quality in all that they do and how they do it! Demand always exceeded supply in the earlier decades so financial measurement control was not considered important as there was a constant supply of money. Control was people orientated and behavioural in nature. There was little bureaucracy and an open system was encouraged. Senior management shared the same office space as everyone else and people were encouraged to participate, ask questions and provide feedback. There were frequent fortnightly open forums held by management where staff could participate. Everybody was valued and people were expected to contribute. The company delivered an incentive scheme and rewarded staff with pooled retained profits. On one incident the employees rejected and returned an $80,000 bonus scheme as they felt the distribution of it was unfair. The company did admit to having difficulty with measuring rewards in line with performance as so much of the company’s objectives were not financial in nature and therefore more difficult to measure. The temporary slump in sales in the early 1990’s prompted a new focus on the bottom line. The managers of Patagonia used personal controls to rectify the problem. Hiring professional managers with the expertise in financial control was required. The company was in the midst of a recession, with more competitors and employees who were frivolous with their expense accounts. In recruiting the professionals the control of the organisation would now move from cultural to a more personal centralised control. The decisions were being made at the top something which was very new at Patagonia. The staffs were left feeling disengaged with the process and after losing 20% of their co workers morale was very low. The open book management style grew from this. The Workbook Process was a control mechanism that involved intense collaboration laterally and vertically within the organisation. Financial information would now be made available to everyone in order to encourage fluidity and understanding of the business. People would be adequately trained so as to understand the information and in turn offer participation and suggestion. The process would have significant cost and time implications but Yvon and Melinda supported the ethos on which it was founded – an open model that would reinforce their culture and encourage synergetic performance. Managers hoped that employees would better understand their own position within the company, increase their awareness in relation to other sub systems and ultimately they would become part of the process hence determining their own destiny and success. Each group participated in an 11 step workbook process which involved for example identifying objectives and missions, interrelations with other sub systems (each with their own cost centre), quantifying and prioritising objectives, feedback systems, budget worksheets, other group priorities etc. The Workbook Process was very detailed in nature and it appeared to involve a huge amount of time. Most employees felt that the process was worthwhile in that it allowed people to bond; it optimised better solutions for the company. These were significant strengths and would suggest that the process was in fact progressive. Would additional control supports or tweaking help? The predominant weaknesses of the process were poor deliverance of financial information i. e. 1 to 2 months behind and a proportion of people refused to engage with the process. They found it tedious. It was not supported by a number of managers also. This caused concern for the other managers. How could The Workbook System be further supported in order to reinforce the benefits and gain further participation from all staff members? Perhaps an incentive scheme with rewards and sanctions would work? Maybe further training was needed? Perhaps stringent budgetary controls were needed? Would you recommend to Patagonia’s management that they continue with or discontinue the Workbook process? Explain your reasons and make recommendations for any changes needed. (Whether to enhance the existing process or to replace it)? If you recommend continuing the process, what would you replace it with? ) A management control system stems from organisations objectives. There is goal ambiguity and conflict in Patagonia. The goals of Patagonia did not include rapid growth similar to most corporations. Patagonia’s goal is the integrity and staying true to their cause. The exploitation of the marketplace was not an option. Yvon’s reasoning for staying in business was in order to make money to attribute to environmental causes. There were other elements high quality and the idea of the man in the wilderness versus the corporate. Therein lies the problem the application of a management control system depends on, is it desirable is it feasible, how you are going to do it and can the results be interpreted. The Work book process or otherwise known as an open book management assumes a relaxed pose. This control mechanism is suited to Patagonia’s culture. However the implementation of this management style is anything but relaxed. The workbook process involves extremely detailed planning, budget and reporting system. These are used to monitor the plans, activities and performance. This is only possible with the co-operation of the entire organisation. The use of pre action reviews and results control has proven beneficial in the financial areas. However in an organisation where there are multiple purposes this leads to difficulty. If Patagonia’s main objective was to maximise profit there would be a clear measure of success. However this is not the case. Environment impacts over time are very difficult to quantify. The workbook process has its advantages and is clearly successful in some business units. Two thirds of the managers are happy with the process. Initially the open book management technique addressed the problem which arrived with the professional managers. The people of Patagonia where similar to Yvon and held a â€Å"contempt for conventional business†. As Yvon and his wife were not happy with the new formal management, it was to be expected staff members would have their issues. The tone at the top has a huge influence. The workbook process facilitates planning in advance. Planning or decision making takes a look at the longer term rather than just the day to day. Through coordination of all different levels and other business units it encourages a combined effort towards the goal. The workbook process can detect problems before they happen. This is a proactive approach rather than waiting for something to go wrong before you react. There are however a number of criticisms of the process. The corporations outlined nine specific goals for the fiscal year 96. These included product design, distribution, operations, environment and personal/training. The workbook process had proven to be successful in establishing whether some objectives had been achieved. However it highlighted the difficulty in judging environment, quality and distribution objectives. These issues have been established a critical success factors for Patagonia, and yet the management control system is unable to evaluate their performance. An evaluation of the benefit versus the cost of the system needs to be addressed. The design is very complex and time consuming. The level of planning and number of meetings needed to discuss the plans leaves very little time for actually doing anything. The third of the organisation which is not content with the formality of the process have been identified as the creative ones. This is not surprising the process is stifling and this is not an atmosphere which promotes innovation. If anything it encourages people to just do what is in the plan and nothing else. There is another issue which has already has been identified as a positive aspect however has negative implications also. The tightness of the pre action reviews in relation to budget. The expense accounts were previously issues for concern. However the frequency and elements which have to be documented seem overbearing. The business units are only allowed spend if senior managers have preapproved the decision. The workbook process was established to give employees more empowerment. This however is certainly not the case in relation to spending money. There is also evidence of tightness in cultural control. The manager of logistics stated that in achieving all of their objectives, there was a feeling of pride. This is akin to someone working for a small business. There is no mention of personal gain. This is not a criticism of her attitude; it is of the work process. There were no incentives aligned to the objectives. The profit sharing plan that was introduced was not based on merit; it was just allocated in equal percentages of base salaries. On the basis of this evaluation we would recommend that Patagonia discontinues the Workbook Process. The process has served its purpose. It has educated the employees in the â€Å"how the company works and how their jobs interface with others†. A control system is applied to ensure that an organisation’s strategy is implemented. This is not the case. The workbook process is focused on the short term. In looking back all the time there is no attention to the objectives which are key to future success. A value driver is an objective which can indicate future success. Examples include product design, quality and customer service. These are all qualities valued by Patagonia. The time and effort to keep this in process in operation is too costly. The staffs are only partially commited which is causing complications. The level of training required is exhaustive. There are people who are not financially minded regardless of how much training they receive. When an organisation focuses all its efforts on financial results, the things that can’t be measured are neglected. Therefore a â€Å"combination of measures† is a much more viable option. To replace the workbook process we would recommend the balanced scorecard. This focuses on financial but also the non financial contributors to success of an organisation. The objectives would be set in relation to the different business units. Production and distribution would have quality and efficiency objectives. RD would be responsible for innovation. HR would look after the quality of life for the employees. Public responsibility would be positioned in the top four as it is inherent within the organisation. This process would be costly to implement. Therefore if it was applied on a group context it may be easier to be the costs down. This would also create co workers monitoring each other’s performance. There would also be the incentive to gain owner ship shares. In measuring shareholder value creation instead of accounting income this would be very beneficial in the long term. This would create an ethos for those who are not loyal to the culture of the organisation already to treat it as their own. This form of measurement would be flexible to change. As the employees have adapted to being involved in the planning of objectives their input would continue to be recognised. The use of pre action reviews would still be in place for large investments. A database warehouse would solve the environmental focus of the legal team and investment in software for tracking inventory.

What made him write An Inspector Calls and why set it before World War One Essay Example

What made him write An Inspector Calls and why set it before World War One Essay Example What made him write An Inspector Calls and why set it before World War One Essay What made him write An Inspector Calls and why set it before World War One Essay Essay Topic: Literature If men will not learn that lesson, they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish. This is an extremely powerful quotation that the Inspector leaves us with. Without a doubt these words are very true. In 1914 World War One began and all this fire, blood and anguish became reality. Britain had entered a four-year war that would have an unimaginable effect on her people. Thousands of towns, cities, homes and businesses were destroyed. Millions of people, men the majority, died horrific deaths. Limbs blown off in explosions, bodies burnt alive in scorching heat, shells blasting, bombs lighting up the dark night, poison gas smothering trenches trapping screaming victims below its green deadly surface. One can only imagine the pain, agony and shear devastation and lost of human life. The war ended in 1918 and much of Europe including England was left destroyed. For people like Mr. Birling it was time to rethink. Is it every man for himself? Is community nonsense? This could be one function of the Inspector; to get the Birlings, especially Mr. Birling, to care for others and accept responsibility before it is too late. Only twenty-one years later in 1939 another war broke out in Europe. World War Two lasted for six years, an extra two years of fighting the enemy. In 1945 the war ended. In that same year An Inspector Calls, the play that I will be analysing was written. John Boynton Priestley the author set his play in 1912, before these terrifying events. This is very significant in order for his play to work effectively, as the themes included in the play are one way or another, directly related to this time and the years and events that will follow. An Inspector Calls covers very clearly a variety of different themes and ideas that Priestley is concerned about in society. He uses the Inspector as the main character, or one could say a tool, to express these themes and ideas to the audience. The sort of ideas Priestley is concerned about in society and is trying to show are the aspects of: responsibility, community, lies and truth, honesty and self-deception, equality, social snobbery and double standards. I will be covering these aspects and indeed many more as I progress through this assignment. What inspired Priestley? What made him write An Inspector Calls and why set it before World War One? The answer lies in his life before the year of 1945. To answer these questions we must first establish and be aware of the following background information. The Edwardian times seemed to be a very exciting and secure time for Britain and many of her people. She was quickly advancing in industry and technology. Her armed forces were also growing and obviously she was extremely wealthy. For the people living in the upper class society times were good however millions were not having such a good time. For the millions struggling there seemed to be no hope, there was no legislation to save workers from exploitation which of course was occurring in factories all over the country and no Welfare State to support these living such a poor life if times were very bad. The Inspector (Priestley in one sense) could see that this is not the right sort of society and that it had to change otherwise severe consequences would follow. The play is based around this Edwardian society and the Inspector tries his best to cover these important issues and express them to the Birlings in order to make them see what it is like for the other people, not just their breed. Priestley was born into a middle class family and did not suffer like the lower classes, however, this doesnt necessarily mean he did not know what was going on or how these people felt. Priestley as a young man spent four years on the battlefield fighting against the Nazi enemy in World War One. During this war Priestley on numerous occasions, narrowly escaped death, this period in his life allowed him to look at life differently and without a doubt he was directly influenced by these experiences. These four years were the platform which he could build upon. Now with his ideas Priestley needed a suitable date to set his play, the most appropriate date was the year 1912. By specifically choosing to write An Inspector Calls after World War Two and by including the material he has done and indeed the Inspector, Priestley could very effectively attract and hold his audience, as many of them felt the way he did and had lived through the wars and shared his experiences. As a result of the wars everyone was brought together. Everyone united as one country and worked together to defeat the Nazis. The children were brought together by evacuations, the women working in factories to produce uniforms and war goods for their men were brought together and of course the men on the battlefields fighting together managed to build a strong relationship among themselves. As a direct result everyone learnt to look after one another and to care for each other, reflecting the fact that; We are all members of one body. as the Inspector would say. The audience now more aware could look at certain characters i. e. Birling and see how wrong he actually is. How does the Inspector represent and present Priestleys central themes or ideas could one say? First I shall establish what Priestleys central themes actually are. His central ideas are the aspects of: responsibilities the responsibilities people can and cannot accept, personally and socially; community the environment people are living in and how it affects them; lies and truth can certain people tell lies and get away with them easily and how some people can tell constant lies whilst some cannot even tell one; honesty and self-deception can people be honest or indeed cannot, if so how can they without being affected in any way, how can they deceive themselves; equality and social snobbery why do some people believe they are superior to others and party; double standards how and why do the men act differently and have different rights than the women and why are they considered less affected by bad news. Mr. Birling believes that a man should make his own way in life, stands on his own two feet and should only look after himself and his family. He says; a man has to make his own way has to look after himself and his family too, of course community and all that nonsense a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own-. This quotation clearly expresses Birlings feelings about community, he believes its nonsense, and he doesnt seem to care for others, only blood relatives and his wife. The audience now looking back to this attitude may well have thought like that before the war but probably have a totally different view after. The Inspector arrives and talks about community, he somehow manages to predict (hence his name Goole supernatural quality) the future and so his view on community is just like the audiences only that he is in the year 1912 whilst the audience are in the year 1945. This is an example of forward thinking and because many members of the audience felt like Priestley he could try to persuade them to take his point of view. This is a very good example of a deliberate attempt made by Priestley to get the audience thinking about this attitude of Birlings and the past, maybe even Priestley himself thought like this before the experiences of the wars. Priestly enables the audience to use their hindsight to reject Birlings opinions because Priestley has made Birling say the Titanic would not sink; the titanic and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable, and there would not be a war Nobody wants war theres too much at stake these days nothing to gain by war, and we as the audience know he is wrong on this, we therefore also reject his other views and thus accept the Inspectors point of view as a result. Mrs. Birling is another example of someone who will not admit personal responsibilities. She clearly does not want to accept any responsibility for the death of Eva Smith. A quote that shows this; father of the child, its his responsibility. We can clearly see that Mrs. Birling is trying to blame the death onto someone else and we begin to gather an image of this woman in our imagination. Another quote that backs up this view is; I accept no blame for it at all. Again Mrs. Birling is refusing responsibility. The audience know that everyone is responsible for one another because they have been shown this through the Inspectors comments. The Inspector talks about social responsibilities. Although Eric and Sheila do show signs of this the Inspector is the one who stands out the most. He says just before he leaves; One Eva Smith is gone but there are millions more Eva Smiths and John Smiths all intertwined with our lives We are all members of one body what we do affects others. This quotation is very important. The Inspector says these words because he is very aware of the fact that war will occur in the future which will cause the people no matter what position in society or class to come together, everyone will be responsible for one other, there will be no superior individuals. The audience will most certainly agree with the comment as they too just like Priestly have lived through the wars and are very much aware of the changes that are going to happen. The upper class community at the time was very formal. There were successful businessmen and their very snobby wives who were totally dependent on their husbands business. There were frequent dinner parties where these upper class people met, and obviously their conversations were dominated by business. The Inspector enters on the stage during one of these parties. The upper class people were very shocked to find out if someone in their community misbehaved; it was more likely to be a lower class person who did so. Mrs. Birling shows this when she discovers that someone she thought was a respectful citizen actually frequently abuses young women, she says; (staggered) well, really! Alderman Meggarty I must say, we are learning something tonight. This quotation with the direction staggered shows that Mrs. Birling is clearly shocked and amazed that this man is carrying out these activities on young women and also she is ignorant of the activities that are happening in the upper class society. Imagine the Inspector being a sharp object i. e. a pin and the Birlings are being protected by an invisible shield i. e. a bubble that only contains ignorance and what ever they want it to contain, the Inspector pops this bubble and the truth about the world rushes in. The Birlings are pretty much so protected from the terrible world and the Inspector is pouring these terrible facts onto them, exposing them. This could be another function; to present the facts to the Birlings, to make them see the truth about the real world and so learn from what they are doing. The Inspector manages to expose some of the characters double standards, Mrs. Birling being a good example. She says to her daughter Sheila; Girls of that class in response to an opinion of Sheilas, one which shows signs of sympathy towards Eva. Mrs. Birling also says; .. As if a girl of that sort would ever refuse money! in response to one of the questions the Inspector asks, showing that Mrs. Birling is an upper class snob who could not possibly have feelings or consideration for other classes of people. She believes she is so much better and more superior to others, she is totally stuck up, mocking others from her over hanging, protective bubble. When the war ended especially the First World War everyone including people like Mrs. Birling, were refreshed i. e. reminded that humans are one species and there is no reason why some of them should feel or believe that they are more superior to others. The war if you like was a warning or indication of some sort from somebody and was a deliberate event to make society realise what it has become. Another function of the Inspector is to try to warn the Birlings that if society will not change then war will follow. Priestley himself is using the Inspector as a tool to do this. Each character in the play has an individual personality and of course their personal view on different matters will be very different from others, in one sense each of the Birlings can represent each member of an upper class society. Some characters tell lies whilst others admit the truth straight away. In my view Eric and Sheila are very alike and are the sort of people who would admit to the truth straight away with no hesitation although Sheila is more honest. Gerald and Mr. and Mrs. Birling seem to me to be a little more difficult to get the truth out of. The Inspector very cunningly manages to get a confession or something with significance out of all the characters one way or another, for example he leaves Sheila and Gerald to talk alone whilst he is listening to the conversation and waiting for that key confession. Sheila and Mr. Birling say their part in the role of Eva Smiths death with little persuasion, although Mr. Birling needs to be convinced occasionally. Quotes that show the characters lying, telling the truth, being honest or being deceiving are (Gerald lying); And I have already told you I was awfully busy at the works all that time. We later discover that Gerald was actually having an affair not working at his works. Gerald clearly is feeling nothing when he says this even though he is lying to his fiance and deceiving himself. Sheila shows honesty and responsibility when she confesses that she got Eva Smith sacked from Milwards. She does not hesitate and takes responsibility for her role in the death of Eva Smith. The quotes that show her honesty is when she says; (miserably) so I am really responsible? this quotation is showing that Sheila is felling guilt for her participation in the death of Eva Smith. Also; Im trying to tell the truth. This quotation is showing that Sheila is someone who is honest, kind and caring unlike her mother. The Inspector has in one way done a good thing by introducing this news, he has made the Birlings, Sheila in particular, realise that things terrible do happen, for example the suicide of Eva Smith, and if you have been responsible somehow then you should accept the consequences that await. Sheila explains what happened freely, and throughout she shows signs of guilt. Sheila is an honest person unlike her fiance Gerald who needs persuasion to admit his role in the death. Mr. Birling being a businessman like Gerald has similar opinions (these two characters represent all upper class businessmen) and so when the Inspector and Eric try to make Mr. Birling feel responsible he obviously tries to blame it onto the girl and Gerald backs him up. The quote that shows this is when he says; Rubbish! If you dont come down on some of this people they will soon be asking for the earth. Gerald replies I should think so! These quotations show that Mr Birlings honest opinion is to be tough and harsh to the employees if they ask for more so that you do not show weakness. It also shows that he feels strongly about this as he has used said this view in a loud manor (exclamation mark shows this). Is this view wrong? Should he be saying this? Priestley is trying to get the audience thinking about these aspects he is concerned about and he uses the Inspector or numerous occasions very effectively to get these views out of the characters. Mrs. Birling as I mentioned before doesnt want to accept responsibility for Eva Smiths death. When the Inspector asks her questions, she could be considered a liar as she says; Ive done nothing wrong and you know it. Mrs. Birling has done something wrong however she cannot admit it this quotation is showing that she is in fact lying. The Inspector is using what the characters have done in the past to question against them and to see how much they can tolerate, he in one way winds them up by going against what they think is right. There are frequent examples throughout this play that show that the men are more able to accept bad news. Mr. Birling and his wife try to protect their young daughter from the suicide on numerous occasions one such occasion is when Mr. Birling says to the Inspector; (angrily) there is not the slightest reason why my daughter should be brought into this unpleasant business. Mr. Birling does not want his daughter to be exposed to the horrible truth of life, at least not at the moment. Again there are examples throughout the play that show that the men are more likely to have a sexual relationship before marriage and it is considered natural, unlike for the upper class women who are not allowed or presumed not too. Priestley doesnt believe that women should be protected we can tell this because he uses the Inspector who says in affect that there is no reason why Sheila should not hear the truth. He says to Sheila when Mr. Birling tells her to run along; No, wait a minute Miss Birling, in other words he wants Sheila to be involved in the conversation.